Method of English Sentence Formation- 1
UNIT- one
Lesson-12
এখন আমরা Past
Perfect continuous Tense এর কয়েকটি
বাক্যের গঠন ও ব্যবহার নিয়ে আলোচনা করবো।
Refference book: Headway English Course,
Upper Intermediate (For time expressions)
—By
Liz &John Soars with Jo Devoy.
Affirmative: Joba had been preparing her
lesson for all day.
(জবাকে
সারাদিন তার পাঠ প্রস্তুত করতেছিল।)
Negative: Joba
hadn’t been preparing her lesson for all day.
* Affirmative sentence: বাক্যে Subject
এর পর
had বসিয়ে
be, linking verb এর Past participle form been এরপর verb+ing তারপর verb এর Object বা Complement যদি থাকে বসিয়ে এ Tense এর
বাক্য গঠিত হয়।
* Negative Sentence
গঠনের
জন্য শুধু ১ম Auxiliary
verb, had এর সাথে
not অথবা
short form এ hadn’t বসাতে হবে।
Time expression টি বিভিন্ন বাক্যে tense অনুযায়ী
ভিন্ন ভিন্ন হতে পারে।
এখন কয়েকটি উদাহরণ দেখা যাক —
Example: 1.
Affirmative: Rahim had been
trying to give up smoking for 2 years.
(রহিম ধুমপান ছাড়ার জন্য দুই বছর ধরে চেষ্টা করতেছিল।)
(রহিম ধুমপান ছাড়ার জন্য দুই বছর ধরে চেষ্টা করতেছিল।)
Negative: Rahim hadn’t been trying to give up smoking for 2 years.
Interrogative: Had he been trying to give up smoking for 2 years?
Negative-interrogative: Hadn’t he been trying to give up smoking for 2 years?
Adding tag:
Rahim had been trying to give up smoking for
2
years, hadn’t he?
Rahim hadn’t been trying to give up smoking for 2
years, had he?
Wh-question
Wh-question for subject: Who had been trying to give up smoking for two years?
Wh-question for object: What had he been trying to give up for two year?
Wh-question for verb: What had he been doing for two years?
Wh-question for Time (duration): How long had he been trying to
give up smoking?
Example: 2.
Affirmative: Bill had been waiting an hour when I finally arrived.
Negative: Bill hadn’t been waiting an hour when I finally arrived.
Interrogative: Had Bill been waiting an hour when I
finally arrived?
Negative-interrogative: Hadn’t Bill been waiting an hour when I finally arrived?
** Note: একটি বাক্যের যে কোন
পরিবর্তন করতে এর Principal Clause টির
পরিবর্তন হবে Subordinate Clause এর
নয়। যেমন উক্ত বাক্যটিকে Negative করতে Main বা
Principal
Clause
টির
Verb টিকে
Negative
এ
Turn করা
হলো কিন্তু Time Clause অপরিবর্তিত
থাকলো। আবার Interrogative করতেও একই ভাবে Main Clause টির
Auxiliary
verb টিকে
Subject
এর
আগে বসিয়ে Main Clause টিকে Interrogative এ Turn করা হবে।
আবার Tag যোগ
করতেও শুধু Main Clause টি-ই বিবেচ্য হবে।
Adding tag:
Bill had been waiting an hour when I finally arrived, hadn’t he?
Bill hadn’t been waiting an hour
when I finally arrived, had he?
Wh-question
Wh-question for subject: Who had been waiting an hour when I
finally arrived?
Wh-question for verb: What had he been doing an hour when I
finally arrived?
Wh-question for duration: How long had he been waiting when I finally
arrived?
Wh-question for
adverb of time: When had he been waiting an hour?
Answer: When I finally arrived.
Now fill the
following gaps to complete the sentences.
Example: 3
a) Affirmative: Bill had been waiting since 6 p.m. last Monday.
b) Negative: Bill hadn’t ------ ------ since 6 p.m. last Monday.
c) Interrogative: Had Bill been ------- since 6 p.m. last Monday.
d) Negative-interrogative:
Hadn’t Bill been
------------since 6 p.m. last Monday?
Wh-question
e) Wh-question for subject:
Who ------- -------- waiting since 6 p.m. last Monday?
f) Wh-question for verb:
What had he been ------------- since 6 p.m.
last Monday?
g) Wh-question for adverb of duration:
How long ------- he been
----------- ?
h) Wh-question for adverb of time:
When had he been waiting since 6 p.m.?
Adding tag:
i) Bill had been waiting since 6 p.m. last Monday, -------- he?
j) Bill ---------- been waiting since 6 p.m. last Monday, had he?
Answer for example 3.
b) been waiting, c) waiting, d) waiting, e)
had been,
f) doing g) had ----- waiting, i)
hadn’t, j) hadn’t.
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